Frequently Asked Questions

Get answers tocommon questions and more information on nutrition topics under this section. 

What is Malnutrition?

Malnutrition is poor nutrition. This is when a person is not getting the right amount of nutrients in their diet. It can relate to the deficiency of nutrients, excess nutrients or an imbalance – wherever the right levels aren’t being maintained for the healthy function of the body.

What is Medical nutrition?

Medical nutrition is where healthcare professionals use medical food products to aid the nutritional management of a person who has a condition or disease. The person would be at threat of malnutrition if left untreated.

What is a Nutritional care program?

A Nutrition care program is used by healthcare professionals to take into account a patient’s needs, values and current situation to make decisions on the best course of action that is needed to ensure that the patient gets the right nutritional care.

What is Nutritional support/Nutritional intervention/ Nutrition therapy?

Known as a variety of things, this is the act of resolving or improving nutritional care in patients. This could be by providing advice or education, or recommending foods and diets to support people in overcoming the threat of malnutrition or other relative diseases.

What are Medical nutrition products?

Medical nutrition products come in different forms. There are oral products that are supplements for those who are able to eat properly, and there are also enteral products for patients who are unable to eat but still have a functioning gastrointestinal tract. This system allows them to obtain the nutrients they need without having to chew or swallow.

What are the goals of nutrition support using medical nutrition?

Whatever product is used, medical nutrition exists to treat patients who are suffering from malnutrition. It could be to help improve or maintain a good nutritional balance, minimize any further losses, or to balance weight loss or gain.

Who needs medical nutrition and when?

Medical Nutrition is for anyone who needs nutritional support under advice of a healthcare professional, whether that’s in the short or long-term. It covers any person who is getting too few or too many nutrients, and they aren’t maintaining a healthy balance for their bodies. This could include patients in hospitals, those who are pre or post surgery, people with chronic diseases or dietary related illnesses, and the elderly. A patient will undergo a risk assessment and decisions will be made about what support needs to be offered, how and when.

What would happen if patients could not access medical nutrition?

Without the right medical nutrition, patients could suffer from the effects of malnutrition, which can be very serious. This not only affects a person’s weight, but it can lead to illness, weakness, fatigue, a lack of appetite (which only compounds the problem) and, in some cases, depression. It’s important that patients get the help they need. Good nutrition alone can support the recovery period of those receiving medical care.

What are the benefits of Parenteral nutrition?

Parenteral nutrition allows for nutrients to still be taken into the body when no other method is possible, thereby keeping a nutritional balance in patients. This process can be administered to patients for as long as it is needed. Often it will be used for a short time; only until either Enteral or oral feeding replace the need for it.

Why is a Nutritional risk assessment relevant?

A Nutritional risk assessment is a process of collecting and analyzing information so that decisions can be made about any issues there may be in relation to a person’s health and nutrition. It helps to identify people who need nutritional support, and reviews a person’s individual circumstances.

What is Enteral Nutrition (EN)?

Enteral Nutrition, or tube feeding as it is also known, is where a patient is unable to take food orally but still has a functioning gastrointestinal tract. Enteral feeding takes the necessary nutrients through a tube straight to the stomach or small intestine.

What are the benefits of Enteral Nutrition / Enteral Tube Feeding?

If a person has a condition or injury that prevents them from eating a regular diet by mouth, Enteral Tube Feeding can ensure that they are still able to get enough nutrients into their body. This process can be used as both a supplement or to cover a person’s entire nutritional intake.

What is Parenteral Nutrition (PN)?

For patients who aren’t able to take food by mouth and don’t have a functioning gastrointestinal tract, then Parenteral nutrition is the act of providing nutrients by the intravenous route. Intravenous is the act of going directly into vein.

The West African Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (WASPEN) was founded in 2019 as a regionally-focused organization committed to the improvement of clinical nutritional care in West Africa.

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